Not every proposition is categorical: Not every proposition is categorical ("S is P"). Some propositions are conditional: they assert a connection between two propositions.
Shartiyya — two kinds: These are called Shartiyya (hypothetical) propositions, and there are two kinds. Muttasila (connected conditional) says "If A, then B" — the first part is the Muqaddam (antecedent) and the second is the Tali (consequent).
Muttasila and Munfasila, in brief: It comes in two kinds: Haqqiyya (real connection) and Ittifaqiyya (coincidental connection). Munfasila (disjunctive) says "Either A or B".
Munfasila's three kinds: It comes in three kinds: Haqqiyya (exclusive and exhaustive — exactly one of the two must be true, and exactly one must be false), Mani'at al-Jam' (prevents both being true, but both may be false — "either A or B, but not both"), and Mani'at al-Khuluww (prevents both being false, but both may be true — "at least one of A or B"). Islamic examples are used on the slides for each kind.
Example
Allah's existence — a real disjunction: "Either Allah's existence is Wajib (necessary) or it is Mumkin (contingent)" is a Munfasila Haqqiyya — these are the only two options, and exactly one must be true. This disjunction is the starting point of the Burhan al-Imkan argument in Topic 6.4.
Key Terms
- Shartiyya (الشرطیة) — hypothetical proposition
- Muttasila (المتصلة) — connected conditional
- Munfasila (المنفصلة) — disjunctive
- Muqaddam (المقدم) — antecedent
- Tali (التالي) — consequent
- Haqqiyya (الحقیقیة) — real
- Ittifaqiyya (الاتفاقیة) — coincidental
- Mani'at al-Jam' (مانعة الجمع) — prevents both true
- Mani'at al-Khuluww (مانعة الخلو) — prevents both false
Quran or Hadith
None known from the slide titles.
Fresh diagram to be drawn: A branching diagram: Shartiyya → Muttasila / Munfasila → their subtypes, with one example each. To be drawn in Project Desk colours.
Note: Slides 33–34 were not read; Slide 35 was covered by its filename. Verify the examples against the slides before publication.
- Not every proposition is categorical ("S is P").
- "Either Allah's existence is Wajib (necessary) or it is Mumkin (contingent)" is a Munfasila Haqqiyya — these are the only two options, and exactly one must be true.