Your permanent reference card: The master table is your permanent reference card: [A] Kulliyya Mujiba — All S is P — quantifier Kullu — affirmative; [E] Kulliyya Saliba — No S is P — quantifier La shay'a — negative; [I] Juz'iyya Mujiba — Some S is P — quantifier Ba'du — affirmative; [O] Juz'iyya Saliba — Some S is not P — quantifier Ba'du…laysa — negative. Each form can be true or false; the form tells you what the sentence claims, not whether it is true.
Four Quranic examples: Four Quranic examples, one of each type: [A] "Every soul shall taste death" (3:185) — subject: every soul; predicate: tastes death; universal, affirmative. [E] "Nothing is like Him" (42:11) — subject: nothing; predicate: like Allah; universal, negative.
Particular examples, [I] and [O]: [I] "And among the people of Moses is a community that guides with truth" (7:159) — particular, affirmative. [O] "And among them are those who do not believe in it" (10:40) — particular, negative.
Identify it in three steps: How to identify any proposition, in three quick steps:
- find the subject (Mawdu') — what is the proposition about?
- find the predicate (Mahmul) — what is being said about it?
- check the quantifier (Sur): Kullu = universal, Ba'du = particular; and the quality (Kayfiyya): Is/Has = Mujiba, Is Not/Has Not = Saliba. Sixteen essential Mantiq terms were mastered in Session 5, including Qadiyya, Hamliyya, Shartiyya, Mawdu', Mahmul, Nisbah, Kayfiyya, Kammiyya, Sur, Kulliyya, Juz'iyya, Muhmalah, Shakhsiyya, Mujiba, and Saliba.
Example
Try it on today's news: Take any sentence from today's news and run the three steps on it. In under a minute you will know exactly what form it is — and therefore what would be needed to prove or refute it.
Key Terms
As listed above.
Quran or Hadith
Quran 3:185; 42:11; 7:159; 10:40 — as shown. — to be checked.
Fresh diagram to be drawn: The master table as an interactive table in the Reader, with a working "three-step identifier" exercise. To be drawn in Project Desk colours.
- Each form can be true or false; the form tells you what the sentence claims, not whether it is true.
- Take any sentence from today's news and run the three steps on it. In under a minute you will know exactly what form it is — and therefore what would be needed to prove or refute it.
- find the subject (Mawdu'); find the predicate (Mahmul); check the quantifier (Sur).