Burhan — the highest art: Al-Burhan is the highest art — the only one that produces Yaqin. Its premises are Yaqiniyyat, and there are six types: Awwaliyyat (first principles, self-evident — "the whole is greater than the part"), Hissiyyat (sense certainties — what the senses directly perceive), Mutawatirat (mass-transmitted reports — what so many people report that lying is impossible), Tajribiyyat (experimental certainties — what repeated experiment proves), Hadsiyyat (intuitive certainties — what the mind grasps at once), and Fiqriyyat (deduced certainties — what follows necessarily from certain premises).
Why it is called Burhan: A demonstration built only from these six produces a conclusion that cannot be denied. This is why the Cosmological Burhan in Session 11 is called a Burhan: every step is built from these kinds of premises.
Example
Awwaliyyat and Hissiyyat, in examples: "Two plus two equals four" is Awwaliyyat. "Fire is hot" is Hissiyyat and Tajribiyyat.
Mutawatirat, and Burhan combined: The existence of a city you have never visited, reported by thousands, is Mutawatirat. A Burhan combines them into proof.
Key Terms
- Yaqiniyyat (الیقینیات) — certain premises
- Awwaliyyat (الأولیات)
- Hissiyyat (الحسیات)
- Mutawatirat (المتواترات)
- Tajribiyyat (التجربیات)
- Hadsiyyat (الحدسیات)
- Fiqriyyat (الفکریات)
Quran or Hadith
None known from the slide title.
Fresh diagram to be drawn: Six boxes, one per type of Yaqiniyyat, each with one example. To be drawn in Project Desk colours.
Note: Slide 54 was not read; based on the filename and Topic 9.1. Verify before publication.
- Al-Burhan is the highest art — the only one that produces Yaqin.
- "Two plus two equals four" is Awwaliyyat. "Fire is hot" is Hissiyyat and Tajribiyyat. The existence of a city you have never visited, reported by thousands, is Mutawatirat.