Syllogisms in Kalam and Fiqh [from filenames + summary]

Not an abstract exercise: The syllogism is not an abstract exercise. The slides apply it to real arguments.

Kalam and Fiqh syllogisms: Kalam syllogisms (Slide 44): three complete proofs — the beginning of the world, Allah's life, and the refutation of idols. Fiqh syllogisms (Slide 45): drugs, new foods, and Nahjul Balagha Sermon 1 (on Allah's existence).

The five-step method: The Session 7 summary (Slide 46) gives the five-step method and a complete reference table: identify the Kubra (general rule), identify the Sughra (this case), check the middle term, check the figure and mood, and read off the Natijah. The bridge to Session 8 is that the syllogism needs a universal premise — and the next session asks where universal premises come from: induction and analogy.

Example

A Fiqh syllogism on new food: A Fiqh syllogism on a new food: Kubra — "Every intoxicating substance is forbidden." Sughra — "This new drink is an intoxicating substance."

Barbara, applied to new questions: Natijah — "This new drink is forbidden." That is Barbara, applied to a question the classical jurists never faced — and it works because the form is valid.

Key Terms

As in Topics 7.1–7.4.

Quran or Hadith

Nahjul Balagha Sermon 1 referenced for Allah's existence. — to be checked.

Fresh diagram to be drawn: Three worked syllogism cards (one Kalam, one Fiqh, one everyday), each in Kubra → Sughra → Natijah form. To be drawn in Project Desk colours.

Note: Slides 44–46 were not read; based on filenames and the roadmap. Verify the examples before publication.

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