Quantity and quality: A proposition also has a quantity — how much of the subject it covers — and a quality — whether it affirms or denies. The slide title lists four kinds of quantity.
Universal and particular: Kulliyya (universal) covers all members of the subject class — "All humans are mortal". Juz'iyya (particular) covers some members only — "Some humans are scholars".
Muhmalah and Shakhsiyya: Muhmalah is a proposition with no quantifier stated — "Human is rational" — which is treated as ambiguous and must be clarified before it can be used in an argument. Shakhsiyya is a proposition about a single individual — "Zayd is a scholar".
The Sur and the three steps: The quantifier that marks quantity is called the Sur. The summary slide (32) gives the three-step identification method: find the subject (Mawdu'), find the predicate (Mahmul), then check the quantifier (Sur) — Kullu = universal, Ba'du = particular — and the quality (Kayfiyya) — Is/Has = Mujiba (affirmative), Is Not/Has Not = Saliba (negative).
Example
No quantifier, no argument: "Humans are mortal" with no quantifier is Muhmalah — you must ask: do you mean all humans, or some? Until you say, the argument cannot proceed.
Key Terms
- Kulliyya (الکلیة) — universal quantity
- Juz'iyya (الجزئیة) — particular quantity
- Muhmalah (المہملة) — unquantified
- Shakhsiyya (الشخصیة) — singular
- Sur (السور) — quantifier
- Kayfiyya (الکیفیة) — quality
Quran or Hadith
None known from the slide titles.
Fresh diagram to be drawn: A quantity scale diagram: All → Some → One individual, with one example for each. To be drawn in Project Desk colours.
Note: Based on slide filenames and the Session 5 summary; Slides 29–30 were not read. Verify before publication.
- Kulliyya (universal) covers all members of the subject class — "All humans are mortal".
- "Humans are mortal" with no quantifier is Muhmalah — you must ask: do you mean all humans, or some? Until you say, the argument cannot proceed.