Two tests for every definition: Every definition must pass two tests. Jami'iyyah (comprehensiveness) means the definition must include all members of the thing defined — nothing that belongs inside may be left out.
Mani'iyyah — keeping outsiders out: Mani'iyyah (exclusiveness) means the definition must exclude all non-members — nothing that belongs outside may be let in. A definition of "human" as "rational animal" passes both: it includes every human, and it excludes every non-human, because no other animal is rational.
Too narrow, too broad: A definition that is too narrow fails Jami'iyyah; a definition that is too broad fails Mani'iyyah. These two conditions are the tests applied in Topic 4.3, Step 4, and they are also used to check the five definitions in Topic 4.6.
Example
Birds, bats, and ostriches: "A bird is a flying animal" fails Mani'iyyah (bats fly but are not birds) and fails Jami'iyyah (ostriches are birds but do not fly). "A bird is a feathered animal" passes both.
Key Terms
- Jami'iyyah (الجامعیة) — comprehensiveness
- Mani'iyyah (المانعیة) — exclusiveness
Quran or Hadith
None known from the slide title.
Fresh diagram to be drawn: A Venn-style diagram showing a definition circle that must exactly match the concept circle — too small (fails Jami'iyyah) and too big (fails Mani'iyyah). To be drawn in Project Desk colours.
Note: Based on the slide filename and the Session 4 summary (Slide 26); the exact tests and examples on Slide 24 were not read. Verify against the slide before publication.
- Jami'iyyah (comprehensiveness) means the definition must include all members of the thing defined — nothing that belongs inside may be left out.
- "A bird is a flying animal" fails Mani'iyyah (bats fly but are not birds) and fails Jami'iyyah (ostriches are birds but do not fly).